| 摘要: |
| 目的 土壤污染是石油开采与集输过程中亟需解决的环境问题，传统的微生物修复方法对含油土壤的修复效率较低。基于表面活性剂对原油的良好分散性和外源石油降解优势菌液的加入，将有助于石油在土壤中更好地分散，为微生物修复含油土壤提供高效的手段。方法 采用表面活性剂TX-100/SDS与微生物复配体系对含油率为3%（质量分数）的含油土壤进行40天的修复实验，用GC-MS测试仪测试石油烃组分变化，16S rRNA基因测序测试微生物群落组成变化，并测试了酶活性变化。设置空白土壤对照组（E1组），添加菌液组（E2组）、添加表面活性剂组（E3组）、表面活性剂与菌液联合组（E4组）进行实验。结果 40天内，E4组石油降解速率最快，降解率达65%，与E3组相似，高于E2组的58%。E2组~E4组石油降解率与降解速度均显著高于对照组。E2组~E4组烷烃相对丰度均为50%，较原油烷烃相对丰度下降了38个百分点，苯酚相对丰度也有所降低。石油降解细菌假单胞菌属，变形菌门，放线菌门，厚壁菌门均在E4组被检测到，引入菌液细菌富集不显著。脱氢酶活性在E4组中持续上升，与烷烃降解趋势吻合，多酚氧化酶活性在E2组~E4组变化均不明显，含油土壤复杂芳香族化合物难以降解，这可能限制了多酚氧化酶活性。结论 TX-100/SDS表面活性剂与微生物的协同作用能够显著地提高含油土壤的微生物修复效率，表面活性剂的有效使用促进了接种菌群在优势生长阶段对烷烃的快速降解。 |
| 关键词: 含油土壤 表面活性剂 GC-MS 酶活性 微生物群落 |
| DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1007-3426.2025.02.021 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家级大学生创新创业训练计划项目“油气污染土壤微生物生态组学及其原位生态修复应用研究”（202310615032） |
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| Research on the synergistic remediation of oil-contaminated soils using TX-100/SDS/microorganisms |
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DU Zhengjie1, HE Ping1, WANG Qingwei2,3, HAO Weilu1, LI Yutong1, GAO Tianwei1, ZHONG Cheng1
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1.College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan , China;2.CNPC Research Institute of Safety & Environment Technology, Beijing, China;3.State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollutant Control CNPC Research Institute, Beijing, China
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| Abstract: |
| Objective Soil contamination represents a critical environmental challenge associated with oil extraction and transportation. Traditional microbial remediation methods frequently demonstrate limited efficacy in addressing oil-contaminated soils. The introduction of exogenous oil-degrading bacteria as well as surfactants which enhance oil dispersion, offers a more effective approach for microbial remediation of oil-contaminated soils. Method A 40-day remediation experiment was conducted on soil contaminated with 3 wt% oil using a mixed system of TX-100/SDS surfactants and microbial agents. The changes in petroleum hydrocarbons and microbial community composition were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and 16S rRNA gene sequencing methods, and changes in enzyme activity was also tested. Four groups were included in the study, which were a blank soil control group (E1), a microbial agent group (E2), a surfactant group (E3), and a combined surfactant and microbial agent group (E4). Result Over a 40-day period, the E4 demonstrated the highest oil degradation rate, achieving 65%. This rate was similar to that of the E3 and exceeded the 58% degradation rate observed in the E2. The oil degradation rates and speeds in E2 to E4 were significantly higher than those in E1. The relative abundance of alkanes in E2 to E4 was 50%, marking a 38 percentage points reduction compared to the initial oil alkane composition. Similarly, the relative abundance of phenols decreased. Oil-degrading bacteria such as Pseudomonas, as well as members of the phyla Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Firmicutes, were detected in the E4, though the enrichment of introduced bacteria was not significant. Dehydrogenase activity in the E4 exhibited a steady increase, aligning with the trend of alkane degradation. However, polyphenol oxidase activity did not show significant changes in E2 to E4, likely due to the challenges in degrading complex aromatic compounds in oil-contaminated soils, which might have limited the enzyme's activity. Conclusion The synergistic interaction between TX-100/SDS surfactants and microorganisms significantly enhances the microbial remediation efficiency of oil-contaminated soils. The strategic application of surfactants promotes the rapid degradation of alkanes by the inoculated bacterial community during the dominant growth phase. |
| Key words: oil-contaminated soil surfactant GC-MS enzyme activity microbial community |
